TOEFL iBT Transitional Words
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by: dkakalov
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Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2009 Time: 2:36 PM
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Transitional words, called also linking words or signal words, are of huge importance for building your written and spoken responses at TOEFL iBT Exam. As the name suggests these words help you to move from one idea to another in a smooth and coherent way. They also signal the reader or listener what will follow after the transitional word. That is why transitional word will be helpful not only to do better in your TOEFL iBT Speaking and TOEFL iBT Writing but also to better comprehend the information presented in the TOEFL iBT Reading and TOEFL iBT Listening sections. The use of transitional words is not only limited to the Test of English as Foreign Language (TOEFL®) but also to any other English tests, like IELTS (International English Language Testing System), FCE (First Certificate in English), CAE (Certificate in Advanced English), CPE (Certificate of Proficiency in English), etc.
In this document we provide a list of some transitional words and their usage within the text. We do not claim that this is the complete list of transitional words, but we may state that it covers the most common transitional words. Studying this list will greatly improve the organization of your responses and thus enhance your chances of better result at TOEFL® iBT Exam.
Transitional Words Grouped according to their Purpose
To add extra information
- and
- also
- additionally
- alternatively
- and then
- apart from
- as well
- as well as
- besides
- besides that
- coupled with
- equally important
- finally
- first, second, third, and etc
- following this further
- further
- furthermore
- indeed
- in addition (to)
- in fact
- last, lastly
- last but not least
- likewise
- moreover
- not only …, but also…
- not to mention
- or
- then, too
- too
- what is more
Example: Likewise the speaking section, the TOEFL® iBT writing papers are sent to the ETS's Online Scoring Network where they are scored by certified raters.
To give examples
- for example
- as an example
- chiefly
- for instance
- especially
- illustrated with
- in this case
- in another case
- in particular
- in this situation
- including
- markedly
- namely
- notably
- on this occasion
- particularly
- in particular
- specifically
- such as
- take the case of
- to demonstrate
- to illustrate
- as an illustration
Example: Most of English Language Exams are divided into separate parts that test different language components. For example, TOEFL iBT has four sections – Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. Some other exams, including Cambridge FCE, CAE and CPE include Use of English or Grammar in their formats.
To clarify the information you have presented
- above all
- I mean
- in other words
- in this case
- that is to say
- to put it in another way
- under certain circumstances
- up to a point
- what I mean is
Example: To put it in another way, five are the components that you should pay attention where preparing for any English Language Test – Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing, Use of English or Grammar.
To present consequence
- accordingly
- as a result
- consequently
- for this reason
- for this purpose
- hence
- in that case
- otherwise
- so then
- subsequently
- therefore
- thus
- thereupon
- under those circumstances
- wherefore
Example: As a result, most ESL (English as a Second Language) books and training programs are organized around this kind of division and closely follow this format.
Once again, using transitional words and phrases help you write or speak organize your thoughts in more logical and understandable way. Transitional words clarify the conjunctions and transitions between ideas and thoughts and thus facilitate the reader or listener’s comprehension. From that perspective, the right usage of transitional words will pay back with a better score on your TOEFL® iBT Exam.
See also our section with TOEFL iBT Test Taking Strategies for more tips on writing good essays.
Practice you writing skills with i-Courses TOEFL iBT Full Tests. You will benefit from the professional scoring that gives you feedback on all the weak points in your papers and ways to overcome those weaknesses.
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